Dating on Xianyang China

The figures, dating from approximately the late third century BCE, were discovered in by local farmers in Lintong County, outside Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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But young officials, military officers, and students debated reform, perhaps a constitutional monarchy, or the overthrow of the dynasty and the creation of a republic. They were inspired by an emerging public opinion formed by intellectuals such as Liang Qichao and the revolutionary ideas of Sun Yat-sen.

A localised military uprising, the Wuchang Uprising , began on 10 October , in Wuchang Today part of Wuhan , and soon spread. The Republic of China was proclaimed on 1 January , ending 2, years of dynastic rule. The provisional government of the Republic of China was formed in Nanking on 12 March Over the next few years, Yuan proceeded to abolish the national and provincial assemblies and declared himself as the emperor of Empire of China in late Yuan's imperial ambitions were fiercely opposed by his subordinates; faced with the prospect of rebellion, he abdicated in March and died of natural causes in June.

Yuan's death in left a power vacuum; the republican government was all but shattered. This opened the way for the Warlord Era , during which much of China was ruled by shifting coalitions of competing provincial military leaders and the Beiyang government. Intellectuals, disappointed in the failure of the Republic, launched the New Culture Movement. It quickly became a nationwide protest movement. The protests were a moral success as the cabinet fell and China refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which had awarded German holdings of Shandong to Japan.

Political and intellectual ferment waxed strong throughout the s and s. According to Patricia Ebrey:. In the s, Sun Yat-sen established a revolutionary base in Guangzhou and set out to unite the fragmented nation. He welcomed assistance from the Soviet Union itself fresh from Lenin's takeover and he entered into an alliance with the fledgling Chinese Communist Party. Having defeated the warlords in the south and central China by military force , Chiang was able to secure the nominal allegiance of the warlords in the North and establish the Nationalist government in Nanking.

In , driven from their mountain bases such as the Chinese Soviet Republic , the CPC forces embarked on the Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base at Yan'an in Shaanxi Province. The bitter Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists and the Communists continued, openly or clandestinely, through the year-long Japanese occupation of various parts of the country — Following the defeat of Japan in , the war between the Nationalist government forces and the CPC resumed, after failed attempts at reconciliation and a negotiated settlement.

By , the CPC had established control over most of the country. Odd Arne Westad says the Communists won the Civil War because they made fewer military mistakes than Chiang, and because in his search for a powerful centralized government, Chiang antagonized too many interest groups in China. Furthermore, his party was weakened in the war against the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Communists told different groups, such as peasants, exactly what they wanted to hear, and cloaked themselves in the cover of Chinese Nationalism.

The KMT ruled Taiwan under martial law until , with the stated goal of being vigilant against Communist infiltration and preparing to retake mainland China. Therefore, political dissent was not tolerated during that period. In the s, the ROC underwent a major democratic reform, beginning with the resignation of the members of the Legislative Yuan and National Assembly elected in These groups were originally created to represent mainland China constituencies. Also lifted were the restrictions on the use of Taiwanese languages in the broadcast media and in schools. This culminated with the first direct presidential election in against the Democratic Progressive Party DPP candidate and former dissident, Peng Min-ming.

Due to the controversial nature of the Taiwan's political status , the ROC is currently recognized by 14 UN member states and Holy See as of as the legitimate government of "China". Major combat in the Chinese Civil War ended in with Kuomintang KMT pulling out of the mainland, with the government relocating to Taipei and maintaining control only over a few islands. The Chinese Communist Party was left in control of mainland China. The PRC was shaped by a series of campaigns and five-year plans.

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Execution, deaths from forced labor and other atrocities resulted in millions of deaths under Mao. In Mao and his allies launched the Cultural Revolution , which continued until Mao's death a decade later. The Cultural Revolution, motivated by power struggles within the Party and a fear of the Soviet Union , led to a major upheaval in Chinese society. A power struggle followed Mao's death in The Gang of Four were arrested and blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, marking the end of a turbulent political era in China.

Deng Xiaoping outmaneuvered Mao's anointed successor chairman Hua Guofeng , and gradually emerged as the de facto leader over the next few years.

Deng Xiaoping was the Paramount Leader of China from to , although he never became the head of the party or state, and his influence within the Party led the country to significant economic reforms. The Communist Party subsequently loosened governmental control over citizens' personal lives and the communes were disbanded with many peasants receiving multiple land leases, which greatly increased incentives and agricultural production.

In addition, there were many free market areas opened. The most successful free market areas was Shenzhen. It is located in Guangdong and the property tax free area still exists today. This turn of events marked China's transition from a planned economy to a mixed economy with an increasingly open market environment, a system termed by some [72] as " market socialism ", and officially by the Chinese Communist Party as " Socialism with Chinese characteristics ". The PRC adopted its current constitution on 4 December In the death of former general secretary Hu Yaobang helped to spark the Tiananmen Square protests of that year, during which students and others campaigned for several months, speaking out against corruption and in favour of greater political reform, including democratic rights and freedom of speech.

However, they were eventually put down on 4 June when PLA troops and vehicles entered and forcibly cleared the square, with many fatalities. This event was widely reported, and brought worldwide condemnation and sanctions against the government. By and , former European colonies of Hong Kong and Macau became special administrative regions of China.

Although the PRC needs economic growth to spur its development, the government began to worry that rapid economic growth was degrading the country's resources and environment.

Another concern is that certain sectors of society are not sufficiently benefiting from the PRC's economic development; one example of this is the wide gap between urban and rural areas. As a result, under former CPC general secretary and President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao , the PRC initiated policies to address issues of equitable distribution of resources, but the outcome was not known as of [update]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Account of past events in the Chinese civilisation. This article is about the general history of China from prehistoric times to the present.

Related articles. Chinese historiography Timeline of Chinese history Dynasties in Chinese history Linguistic history Art history Economic history Education history Science and technology history Legal history Media history Military history Naval history Women in ancient and imperial China. See also: List of Paleolithic sites in China. Linheraptor , a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur which lived in what is now China in the Late Cretaceous. Tarbosaurus , a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived at the end of the Late Cretaceous Period.

Fossils have been recovered in the Gobi Desert. See also: List of Neolithic cultures of China. Further information: Yellow river civilization , Yangtze civilization , and Liao civilization. Bone Arrowheads, Peiligang culture — BC. Butterfly-shaped ivory vessel with the pattern of two birds facing the sun, Hemudu culture — BC.

See also: List of Bronze Age sites in China. Bronze Age. Wuyishanya archaeological site, Fujian. Bronzeware unearthed at the Liulihe Site. Jade bi from the Liangzhu culture — BC. Bronze jue wine vessel from Erlitou culture — BC. Main article: Xia dynasty. Main article: Shang dynasty. Further information: Chinese Bronze Age. Shang dynasty — BC. The Golden Sun Bird , a ring-shaped piece of foil, made of nearly pure gold.

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Late Sanxingdui culture Shang period. Guang , a Shang-period ritual wine vessel. Ding , a Shang-dynasty bronze. Excavated at Yidu, Shandong Province. Main articles: Zhou dynasty and Iron Age China. Zhou dynasty — BC. Spear of Fuchai. Bronze ritual vessel You , Western Zhou dynasty. Ji , a Chinese polearm combining a spear and dagger-axe, Zhou dynasty — BC.

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. May Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Spring and Autumn period. Further information: Chinese Iron Age. Spring and Autumn period — BC. Remains of city sewer passing underneath the former city wall in Ancient Linzi , Spring and Autumn period.

Sword of Goujian , Hubei Provincial Museum. Main article: Warring States period. Warring States period — BC. Bi disc with a dual dragon motif, Warring States period. A cup carved from crystal , unearthed at Banshan, Hangzhou.