Kananga, city, south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, situated just leader who founded () the country's first opposition party.
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The DRC government has restricted mobile communications, and at times shuts down Internet access during periods of civil unrest or expected political opposition activity. The latest example occurred when the government shut down Internet and SMS text messaging capability nationwide for nearly three weeks in January Transportation-Safety Situation.
Road Safety and Road Conditions. Driving in Kinshasa is extremely hazardous. Most motorists do not observe traffic laws, and police seldom enforce them.
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In many cases, motorists blatantly disregard traffic signals and direction from police. The police force lacks professionalism and general competence. Vehicle accidents occur frequently and often result in serious injury.
Most local vehicles do not meet Western safety standards, are not in good condition, and may be transporting more passengers than is safe. Motorcyclists weave in and out of traffic unpredictably. When vehicle accidents occur, large and sometimes violent crowds can form, especially when foreigners are involved. Violence against those perceived as being responsible for vehicle accidents is a common occurrence. Those traveling by road outside of major cities should consider taking additional safety measures.
Public Transportation Conditions.
Public transportation in Kinshasa is very hazardous. In general, public transportation vehicles lack adequate maintenance and basic safety features.
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Public transit is essentially unregulated and often overcrowded. There have been numerous instances of passengers targeting foreigners for crime aboard public transportation to include taxis. Its most recent upgrade was a new international terminal, which opened in Despite improvements, corruption reports have continued e. Security screening staff have removed items from carry-on bags or asked travelers to surrender items, claiming items were not allowable on board the plane. Recourse in these situations depends on other officials working in the vicinity.
Keep close watch over valuables, particularly when waiting in lines or undergoing screening. Airports in provincial areas are of lower capacity and quality than those in Kinshasa and other major cities. Congolese airlines have a poor safety record. Facilities, planes, and equipment may need repair and frequently do not meet Western safety standards.
Other Travel Conditions. Travel on rivers and lakes is common and represents a major method of transportation. Boats are often in poor condition, do not have adequate safety precautions, and are overburdened. Terrorism Threat. Department of State has assessed Kinshasa as being a LOW -threat location for terrorism directed at or affecting official U. However, the government has taken steps to improve its counterterrorism capacity. The DRC government has voiced its support for the Global Coalition Against Terrorism and has been proactive and cooperative with the international community in initiatives to mitigate terrorism and related activities.
Major military operations are ongoing in the eastern DRC. The Congolese military continues to target the more than small, armed groups throughout the country, but focuses mainly on those operating in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu. UN troops continue to undertake offensive military operations against armed groups in the eastern areas. Attempts to disarm and demobilize militias and other armed groups have had limited success; many armed actors enter shifting alliances to fight against local and UN security forces.
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Travelers in eastern and central DRC should closely monitor local sources for updates regarding Congolese and UN military operations. ADF fighters killed at least civilians in Beni Territory in ADF has conducted attacks against civilians primarily via small groups of fighters, using small arms or machetes in areas where the group has been present for years.
Adverse sentiment towards visitors relates more to the perceived wealth of the individual than their nationality. Political, Economic, Religious, and Ethnic Violence. In , political tensions in Kinshasa have calmed and the number of violent protests has decreased compared to Civil Unrest. The threat of civil unrest is among the U. Multiple cities, including Kinshasa and the major economic center of Lubumbashi, experience occasional demonstrations by political opposition parties, students, workers unions, civil servants, and churchgoers.
Many demonstrations turn violent due to efforts by security forces to disperse crowds quickly; security forces have used tear gas and live ammunition to disperse crowds, resulting in civilian injuries and deaths. While the government has increased its capacity to employ non-lethal measures to control demonstrations, and there have been improvements, authorities continue to use lethal force, as documented in numerous human rights reports.
The DRC has experienced recurring cycles of political and ethnic conflict; the number, location, and intensity of outbreaks of violence tend to coincide with periods of heightened instability and insecurity. In addition, dozens of armed groups operate throughout large swaths of its eastern and central territory. Examples of past incidents include:. South Kivu has experienced growing violence due to the resurgence of two militia groups: Mai Mai Yakutumba, which carried out attacks in Uvira and Fizi cities and surrounding areas; and Mai Mai Raia Mutumboki, which has been active around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park area near Bukavu.
Ituri has seen a rapid intensification of violence since late , as clashes between Hema herdsmen and Lendu farmers resumed after nearly a decade of dormancy. In early , at least died and more than , fled their homes due to violence in the region. The three Kasai provinces have experienced significant armed conflict since late , resulting in mass displacement, the deaths of numerous civilians and individuals associated with the Kamuina Nsapu militia, the execution of many police and security forces, and the murder of two members of the UN Group of Experts in — one of whom was a U. Reports of increased tension between nomadic Mbororo pastoralists and local communities in northern DRC indicate that the long-simmering situation in this remote corner of the country is worsening.
Post-specific Concerns.
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Environmental Hazards. Nyiragongo, an active volcano 18 km north of Goma, threatens the safety and livelihood of approximately one million people. Since then, minor eruptions have taken place every few years. Armed groups have vandalized and stolen seismic and other scientific monitoring equipment, diminishing the ability of the scientific community to monitor eruption warning signs.
Critical Infrastructure Concerns. Critical infrastructure is lacking in many parts of DRC. Transportation, water and sanitation, energy, technology, communications, health and medical services, and public services infrastructure are at best inadequate and at worst nonexistent. Existing infrastructure is often poorly maintained, prone to disruption and failure, or inadequate to meet demand. The DRC government has restricted internet and mobile communication access during periods of unrest.
These restrictions may occur in advance of announced demonstrations or important anniversaries, particularly those of deadly clashes between protestors and security forces; such disruptions may last for several days or weeks. As a result, ensure redundant communications methods are in place. Businesses in the DRC face numerous challenges, including poor infrastructure, endemic corruption at all levels of government, predatory tax agencies, limited access to capital, a shortage of skilled labor, and difficulties enforcing contracts. Consult the U. Personal Identity Concerns.
The Congolese constitution includes a general provision that all citizens are entitled to equal protection, specifically prohibiting discrimination based on race, ethnicity, citizenship, gender, social origin, age, disability, political opinion, language, culture, or religion.
However, the government has failed to enforce these provisions. Sexual assault is widespread and occurs largely in the conflict zones in North Kivu province, but also throughout the country by security forces, rebel and militia groups, and civilians, often during attacks on villages and sometimes as a tactic of war to punish civilians. Domestic violence is common. Although the law considers sexual assault to be a crime, there is no specific penalty for spousal abuse.
Intervention by police or action by judicial authorities is rare.
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Sexual harassment is common. LGBTI individuals may experience harassment, as non-heterosexual relationships and personal identities remain a cultural taboo. Incidents of harassment at the hands of security forces and judicial officials based on sexual orientation and personal identity have occurred.
While no law specifically prohibits consensual sexual conduct between same-sex adults, individuals engaging in public displays of same-sex affection may be subject to prosecution under public indecency provisions, which authorities rarely apply to opposite-sex couples.
Congolese law prohibits adoptions by same-sex couples. Ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, indigenous persons, and persons with albinism have faced societal discrimination and abuse. There have also been reports of societal discrimination and violence against foreign minority groups; protestors have attacked businesses owned by ethnic-Chinese and Indians in the past.
Persons with disabilities face limited access to transportation, communication, accommodations, and public buildings. There are few sidewalks and no curb cuts. Most buildings lack functioning elevators.
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Drug-related Crime. Drug use mainly cannabis is common; however, evidence of drug trafficking is not readily apparent to travelers in Kinshasa. Local law enforcement capabilities in narcotics detection and interdiction are severely limited. Kidnapping Threat. Kidnapping for ransom is prevalent throughout many parts of the DRC. Although kidnapping victims are primarily Congolese nationals, there have been several abductions of Westerners, including U. Most kidnappings occur in rural areas during overland travel in North and South Kivu.
Increasingly, kidnappings of local residents occur in and around Beni Territory; in certain districts of Goma, along the Bukavu-Walikale road; and especially along the main roads leading from Goma to Butembo. In the Kasais, kidnappings have occurred in Kananga city, Kasai Central. Kidnapping for ransom is rare in Kinshasa, but express kidnapping targeting shared taxi passengers continues to be commonplace. Other Issues. The DRC shares approximately 6, miles of land and lake borders with nine countries and lacks the capacity to effectively patrol its borders. Travel to national parks carries high risks as militia, wildlife poachers, and criminal elements may operate throughout these areas.
In the recent past, criminals have killed park rangers and kidnapped tourists. Congolese security forces can be sensitive about persons taking photographs, especially near government or military installations. Taking photographs of any government or military installations, including the airport, the Congo River, and government buildings, may result in detention. Do not take pictures of Congolese citizens unless you receive their permission. Authorities have questioned and temporarily detained Embassy employees for taking photographs in public.