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The Qing reconquest of Xinjiang was the event when the Qing dynasty in China reconquered Date, – Location. Xinjiang. Result, Qing victory. Territorial changes the 'five elite divisions' that governor general Liu Jintang led out of the Pass By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
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Patients in China—including foreigners—are promised matching organs within days. Former Canadian politician and prosecutor David Kilgour, lawyer David Matas, American journalist Ethan Gutmann and a team of researchers have confirmed this by posing to Chinese hospitals as patients.

They were delivered the next morning. In most advanced Western countries, patients wait months or even years for transplants. In Messrs. In this latest version, the authors estimated that between 60, and , organs are transplanted each year in Chinese hospitals. Where are the organs coming from? But the country has no tradition of voluntary organ donation. Skip to Main Content Skip to Search. Dow Jones, a News Corp company. RNA-Seq derived identification of differential transcription in the chrysanthemum leaf following inoculation with Alternaria tenuissima.

BMC Genomics 15 , 9 Acta Horticulturae Sin. Han, X. Manipulation of phytohormone pathways by effectors of filamentous plant pathogens.

警务改革与国家强制能力建设

Plant Sci. Jones, J. The plant immune system. Nature , — Hirayama, T. Research on plant abiotic stress responses in the post-genome era: past, present and future. Plant J. Pieterse, C. NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways. Plant Biol. Slaughter, A. Descendants of primed Arabidopsis plants exhibit resistance to biotic stress.

Plant Physiol.

Fu, Z. Systemic acquired resistance: turning local infection into global defense. Durrant, W. Systemic acquired resistance. Spoel, S. NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol. Plant Cell 15 , — Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles.

Natl Acad. USA , — Mur, L. The outcomes of concentration-specific interactions between salicylate and jasmonate signaling include synergy, antagonism, and oxidative stress leading to cell death. Niki, T. Antagonistic effect of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the expression of pathogenesis-related PR protein genes in wounded mature tobacco leaves.


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Plant Cell Physiol. Mazumder, M. Salicylic acid-mediated establishment of the compatibility between Alternaria brassicicola and Brassica juncea is mitigated by abscisic acid in Sinapis alba. Zhang, Y. Negative regulation of defense responses in Arabidopsis by two NPR1 paralogs. Ding, Y. Cell , — Li, M. TCP transcription factors interact with NPR1 and contribute redundantly to systemic acquired resistance. Sun, Y. NPR1 in JazzSet with pathogen effectors. Trends Plant Sci.

Disease resistance or growth: the role of plant hormones in balancing immune responses and fitness costs. Lin, W. Transgenic tomato plants expressing the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene display enhanced resistance to a spectrum of fungal and bacterial diseases. Transgenic Res.

Choudhary, D. Induced systemic resistance ISR in plants: mechanism of action. Indian J. Wally, O. Broad-spectrum disease resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens in transgenic carrots Daucus carota L. Planta , —, Parkhi, V. Resistance against various fungal pathogens and reniform nematode in transgenic cotton plants expressing Arabidopsis NPR1. Silva, K. The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in strawberry.

Induced systemic resistance by beneficial microbes. Thomma, B. Separate jasmonate-dependent and salicylate-dependent defense-response pathways in Arabidopsis are essential for resistance to distinct microbial pathogens. USA 95 , — Liu, H. Jiubao fruit to infection by Penicillium expansum and enhances activity of fruit defense mechanisms. Postharvest Biol.

Xinjiang crackdown must continue, top China leader says

Hammerschmidt, R. Lignification as a mechanism for induced systemic resistance in cucumber. Plant Pathol.

Nakano, Y. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Pombo, M. Ramamoorthy, V. Induction of defense-related proteins in tomato roots treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf1 and Fusarium oxysporum f. Plant Soil. Zhong, S. High-throughput illumina strand-specific RNA sequencing library preparation.

Cold Spring Harb. Li, B. BMC Bioinforma. Garber, M. Computational methods for transcriptome annotation and quantification using RNA-seq. Methods 8 , — Anders, S. Young, M. Gene ontology analysis for RNA-seq: accounting for selection bias. Genome Biol. Mao, X. Bioinformatics 21 , — Pfaffl, M. Nucleic Acids Res. Livak, K. Methods 25 , — Establishment of transgenic acceptor by indirect somatic embryogenesis regeneration and transformation of CmTGA1 Gene in Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.

Kang, T. Comparing constitutive promoters using CAT activity in transgenic tobacco plants. Cells 16 , — Ge, Y. Defence responses in leaves of resistant and susceptible melon Cucumis melo L. Plant P. Dodds, P. Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant-pathogen interactions. Couto, D. Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signalling in plants.

History of Xinjiang - Wikipedia

Galletti, R. Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 play different roles in basal and oligogalacturonide- or flagellin-induced resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Nicaise, V. Recent advances in PAMP-triggered immunity against bacteria: pattern recognition receptors watch over and raise the alarm. Dangl, J. Pivoting the plant immune system from dissection to deployment. Science , — Shlezinger, N. Anti-apoptotic machinery protects the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea from host-induced apoptotic-like cell death during plant infection.

PLoS pathog. Ali, S. Overexpression of NPR1 in Brassica juncea confers broad spectrum resistance to fungal pathogens.

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Glazebrook, J. Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Bari, R. Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses. Plant Mol. Chern, M. Overexpression of a rice NPR1 homolog leads to constitutive activation of defense response and hypersensitivity to light. Plant Microbe Interact. Le Henanff, G. Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of pathogenesis-related gene expression.


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  7. BMC plant Biol. Chen, Z. Biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants. Plant Signal.

    Introduction

    Download references. Additionally, we thank Dr. The project was conceived and designed by X. G analyzed the data; P. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Xiting Zhao. Reprints and Permissions. The integration of transcriptomic and transgenic analyses reveals the involvement of the SA response pathway in the defense of chrysanthemum against the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria sp..