In Lebanon, personal status laws vary according to the number of religious communities. Amounting to 18, each community has its own personal status law. Therefore, there is no unified law for marriage and a different law is applied to each girl according to the religious community she belongs to.
Table of contents
- Lebanese women & men and dating
- What's the child marriage rate? How big of an issue is child marriage?
- Background
- LGBT rights in Lebanon - Wikipedia
Country Continent World. The current population of Lebanon is 6,, as of Monday, December 21, , based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. Lebanon population is estimated at 6,, people at mid year according to UN data. Lebanon population is equivalent to 0. Lebanon ranks number in the list of countries and dependencies by population. The population density in Lebanon is per Km 2 1, people per mi 2. The total land area is 10, Km2 3, sq.
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- Lebanon Population () - Worldometer;
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Source: Worldometer www. Medium-fertility variant. Main Page: Demographics of Lebanon. Life Expectancy. Infant Mortality. Deaths under age 5.
Notes The Lebanon Population Live counter shows a continuously updated estimate of the current population of Lebanon delivered by Worldometer's RTS algorithm , which processes data collected from the United Nations Population Division. The Yearly Population Growth Rate chart plots the annual percentage changes in population registered on July 1 of each year, from to Definitions Year : as of July 1 of the year indicated.
Read More Definitions Share This! Ra's Bayrut. Many described not using condoms with a regular partner in the context of a meaningful relationship, mutual HIV testing, and a desire to not use condoms, suggesting that trust, commitment and intimacy play a role in condom use decisions. Condoms were more likely to be used with casual partners, partners believed to be HIV-positive, and with partners met online where men found it easier to candidly discuss HIV risk. Fear of infection motivated many to get HIV tested and use condoms, but such affect also led some to avoid HIV testing in fear of disease and social stigma if found to be infected.
Lebanese women & men and dating
Respondents who were very comfortable with their sexual orientation and who had disclosed their sexuality to family and parents tended to be more likely to use condoms consistently and be tested for HIV. These findings indicate that similar factors influence the condom use and HIV testing of MSM in Beirut as those observed in studies elsewhere of MSM; hence, prevention efforts in Lebanon can likely benefit from lessons learned and interventions developed in other regions, particularly for younger, gay-identified men.
Further research is needed to determine how prevention efforts may need to be tailored to address the needs of men who are less integrated into or do not identify with the gay community. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Wagner funded the study but had no other role in the research.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Challenges to conducting such investigations in much of the region include the social and religious taboos that prevent open discussion of sex [7] , and because homosexuality is highly stigmatized and even illegal in most countries.
The studies that have been done suggest high rates of unprotected anal sex, multiple sex partners, and concurrent sexual relations with women [2] , [8] , [9]. HIV testing is stigmatized in MENA as it connotes fear of infection and having engaged in inappropriate behavior that warrants the punishment of HIV [13] ; for MSM, additional barriers to HIV testing include traditional masculinity and not seeking health services, and internalized homophobia [14].
Research to date has focused mostly on assessing the prevalence of sexual risk behavior and HIV testing, rather than attempts to understand the factors that may influence these behaviors. Drawing on the minority stress model [15] , and studies of HIV risk behavior among MSM in other regions, aspects of sexual identity development including self-acceptance and disclosure of one's sexual orientation [16] , [17] , social influences including sexual stigma, discrimination, and social support [18] , as well as relational characteristics such as partner type [19] , [20] , and trust and commitment within a relationship [21] , [22] , may influence motivation, decision making and behavior regarding consistent condom use, HIV testing, and other protective health behaviors.
In this paper we report findings from the initial phase of a mixed methods study in which we used qualitative, semi-structured interviews to explore aspects of sexual identity development, sexual risk behavior and HIV testing among MSM in Beirut, Lebanon. Improving our understanding of the psychosocial influences on HIV risk and testing behaviors will help to inform prevention interventions for this much under-studied population.
Participants provided oral informed consent prior to being interviewed. Oral, rather than written, informed consent was used because there was no need to collect identifying information and thus the participant's signature on a consent form would have constituted the primary source of risk of loss of confidentiality. In Fall , we interviewed 31 MSM living in Beirut as part of a mixed-methods study to explore psychosocial processes that influence sexual risk behavior and HIV testing. The aim of this initial qualitative phase was to inform the methods and measures of the subsequent quantitative phase that will employ respondent driven sampling.
Participants were eligible if they were male, age 18 years or older, and reported engaging in any sexual activity with another male in the past year. While any form of sexual activity oral, anal or mutual masturbation with a man was sufficient to be eligible, in fact, all participants reported having engaged in anal sex with other men. Participants were referred by members of our community advisory board and collaborating non-governmental organizations that provide services to sexual minorities; some participants also referred their friends.
Using a semi-structured interview guide, we explored the influence of various social factors on the sexuality and HIV risk behaviour of the respondents. The interviews were used to elicit themes and to determine how common or salient these themes were among an array of respondents.
What's the child marriage rate? How big of an issue is child marriage?
Interviews were digitally recorded and conducted in the language preferred by the participant Arabic, French or English. We consulted the community advisory committee to identify a team of five interviewers with experience in qualitative methods who were either MSM or women with a high level of familiarity and comfort with MSM. Participants were allowed to choose the interviewer type.
Interview audio-recordings were translated into English and transcribed verbatim. We utilized a staged technique [23] to identify themes. Three interviews were coded by both FA and YR to ensure consistent application of codes. If there was any disagreement, the coders discussed to reach consensus.
Results were aggregated to identify common themes across respondents by characteristics such as consistent condom use and any history of being HIV-tested. Sample characteristics of the 31 men who participated in the study are included in Table 1. Mean age was I know that it is not something I can change. I am not sad about it. That is what hurts.
It is always a process, so what happened is the circle of my comfort is getting bigger as I live. Professionally I am still uncomfortable. I want to separate my sexual identity from what I do [work-wise], especially in Lebanon because I don't think it fits. Six men reported significant discomfort with their sexual orientation. Now I try not to make it a lifestyle, but I still need to sleep with men from time to time.
There are a lot of reasons [I am not comfortable]. First, there's the religious part. I am a believer and I know that in the bible homosexuality is an abomination. Besides, I know that in order to be successful in this society I have to get married and have kids, and my homosexuality prevents me from doing that, therefore I hate it.
Background
All participants reported that someone in their social network knew that they had sex with men, and nearly all said that some or most of their friends knew, though they were often other MSM. A third of participants indicated that co-workers or fellow students knew of their sexual orientation. For some, the process of others becoming aware of the participant's sexual orientation involved direct disclosure where the participant told the third party , but for many disclosure was more indirect, where the participant did not directly disclose their sexuality openly but nevertheless assumed someone suspected their sexual orientation.
Once, I had something on my neck. My mum asked me what this is.
This is from the party I had. I never discussed it with my parents but I know that they know.
LGBT rights in Lebanon - Wikipedia
Two-thirds of the sample described the responses of others who became aware of their sexual orientation as being mostly supportive. Forms of support ranged from emotional support and encouragement, to simply being accepting and not treated any differently. They said that they love me no matter what.