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The tilework is used as in infill into the blind arcades that are defined in relief on each level of the shaft. Openings that penetrate into the interior of the minaret only occur on the third and fifth levels of the structure, and even they are mediated by stucco screens with a small-scale lozenge pattern as to appear a continuation of the geometric patterns found in the tilework of larger blind arcades. The mosque was socially significant in the nineteenth century as an urban hub, due to its central location near to the inner market of the medina, and the variety of services that it provided to the city.
Extensions of the mosque built across the street from the main structure contained a hospital for the mentally ill, the house of the Qadi where court was held, two schools, and a house for washing the dead. Creating spaces for these programs in the immediate area of the mosque allowed the mosque to become a locus of social change as well as a place of worship. After the occupation of Morocco by the French in the early 20th century, the Great Mosque of Tangier declined in cultural importance. In the s, the French constructed a nouvelle ville colonial town in Tangier that relocated the city center away from the Great Mosque, relegating it to a position of historical, but no longer civic, significance.
The mosque was extended in , and fully restored beginning in Jonathan M. Bloom and Sheila S. Oxford University Press.
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Andalusian Morocco: Discovery in Living Art. Tangier and its surroundings. Alicante, Spain: Roca Vincente-Franquiera, Thumbnails On Off. Back to top. This site is adjusted only for landscape mode. Please rotate your device for properly using Archnet. Ait Benhaddou or Ouarzazate? Where to stay and how much time to spend. Both have incredible geography surrounding them as well as clay buildings.
Which to use as a base is actually pretty easy. But both are worth a visit. This post covers what to see and how much time to spend.
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It also includes a few other day trips in the region. Morocco aitbenhaddou Ouarzazate travel. Chefchaouen was one of the highlights of my 5 week Morocco trip — despite getting bitten by bedbugs. All about things to do and see in Chefchaouen along with some useful practical tips…as well as lots of photos showing you why Chefchaouen is special. Merzouga was one of the highlights of my 5 week Morocco trip. These two homes are connected by an arcaded street which participates in a fairly extensive system of ways to which a principle of architectural orders conferring a treatment unit on the ground floor and facades will be imposed.
The establishment of district by-laws, associating various morphological servitudes, will make it possible to act not only on the right of the tracks but also in the depths of the islets. It was during this period that the city became, in a fairly controlled manner, a very varied architecture, typical as in its forms, remaining contained within the defined main lines, thereby confirming the initial orientations.
Some large-scale projects emerge, such as a voluntarist affirmation of the center of an industrial and port agglomeration whose growth continues in stages. At the end of the s, the relocation of the tombs became the sine qua non for the realization of a project that would mobilize most of the planning energies, while the blocks defined by the plan of were gradually filled up. The new district projected between the Place de France and the sea then takes the status of a business center, which will give a city, booming port, a face consistent with its ambitions.
Prost himself remarks that the panorama of Casablanca, when one arrives at the sea, is rather despairing, it is a horizontal line without any effect and, if five or six large verticals came to erect on the landscape, there is It is hoped that the appearance of Casablanca would be much more satisfactory than at present. In search of a new image for the city, the reference to New York will not fail to prevail.
As early as , the impetuous development of Casablanca made her think like an American-style city, while the president of the American Chamber of Commerce in Paris, Walter Berry, breathed a Yankee atmosphere in the early s. For her part, Leander Vaillat almost expects a group of skyscrapers to emerge in the heart of this city of conquerors, with a violent soul. It is true that, as early as , an entrepreneur had proposed service plans of the city an American-style building, containing only business offices, this unique monument of this kind in Europe still reaching only eight floors.
This early theme takes on another dimension when the creation of a denser and more complex center is discussed in the late s, the hypothesis of a relaxation of the regulation of heights around the Place de France is already acquired. It is now the doubling of this one which is decided in , while the municipal commission is seized in of a more ambitious project of the city, whose high constructions would fill this scattered view which surprises, this lack of order, apparent imbalance, drawing an expressive decoration of the character and the will of this city, an affirmation of its power and its will.
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While Prost continues to send directives enough then Paris, Antoine Marchisio, Edmond Brion, and Marius Boyer draw, each on their own, architectural transpositions of this new ambition. During the Second World War, Casablanca is, more than ever, the hub of relations between France and North Africa, at least until the allied landing of , which will ensure prosperity to last until Independence.
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In this last golden age, the city knows an Americanization much more marked than in metropolis, and which is strongly reflected in the architecture of the house. In charge of the Protectorate in , Alexandre Courtois established in the first plan proposing an extension of the device imagined by Prost thirty years earlier, on a scale of a city whose population now reaches , inhabitants. The station is moved south, road access is consolidated, and a highway is proposed around the city to the south and east, while new green spaces are connected by continuous walks.
At the edge of the medina transformed and curetted, the center of European affairs, implanted in buildings with recent, would redefine a place of France enlarged and dominated by a skyscraper. Several buildings corresponding to this ambition will be made in the early s by Courtois himself.
With the second wind brought by the prosperity and the modernization of the post-war period, Casablanca sees its architecture being transformed. Moreover, the policy of the Protectorate is bending somewhat towards a more comprehensive and more concrete consideration of the aspirations of Moroccans through more ambitious and less symbolic public actions. The urban transformations of the years to will be made under the influence of two distinct devices: on the one hand, the planners of the Protectorate, at the head of which Michel Ecochard works from to , propose a new approach to the urban structure; on the other hand, young functionalist architects of very different origins, among whom ATBAT-Africa is the closest team, radically transforms the approach to the question of housing, but also of hospital architecture.
The technical culture of public works and the building is also changing under the influence of the processes brought by the U. Army Engineering, giving new tools to builders. However, it is not until that he gets the green light to begin the study of the development plan and extension of an agglomeration.
The draft plan was drawn up in concerns an agglomeration perimeter broadening the framework defined by Courtois, in which three different forms of the extension are proposed. Another Corbusian establishment, the farming units remain out of the field, while the city of radio-concentric exchanges, which exists since , sees above all the realization of part of the business center of Sidi Belyout, discussed since , in the form of a large radial road lined with large bars of offices and hotels. In a general way, the ordering precepts of the Athens Charter are projected on the territory of the extended agglomeration, the traffic being restructured in connection with the highway leading from Anfa to Rabat, parallel to the ocean.
It is laterally to the highway that the new Muslim neighborhoods are studied and, in part, built. For the first time since , an attempt is made more to carry out operations-showcases like the Habbous, but to lay the foundations of housing policy for the greatest number. The first major operation, conducted in at the Central Quarries, combines the three levels according to which Ecochard intends to structure the Muslim home: a horizontal fabric of houses with courses, on which are located three collective buildings demonstrative of ATBAT-Africa and which is prolonged by the setting up of the sanitary frame 8 MX 8 m , a minimal device allowing regulation of the most economic subdivisions, and supposed to be able to accompany their densification.
Michel Ecochard will give his work on Casablanca a strong public impact, staging his fight against the forces of routine and bureaucracy, both during his stay on the spot, by a film and, after his eviction, by a book. In all, both in the built matter of Casablanca and in the disciplinary space of French urbanism, with its oscillations between aspirations to universality and inclinations to contextually and local specificities, the experiments carried out by successive urban planners the Protectorate is a first-class contribution.
Against so many great final plans remained a dead letter, they will indeed cease to be reformulated and adapted, as they were, from the outset, forced to ensure a permanent and fragile arbitration between social classes and cultures national. As in the field of urbanism, three times may be distinguished during the period from to At the time of the constitution of the center of the new city, types of canonical dwellings develop in France, but who know here new perspectives.
The interest given to the intermediate spaces between interior and exterior is obvious. From the terrace to the large balcony through the pergola, a whole vocabulary is put in place.
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The loggias, the patios, the laundries with claustra, the semi-private courses, describe in a very particular way the relation to the house which then has an internalized exterior, daily practiced, sometimes shared. The s were marked by the emergence of a domestic architecture where hygiene, salubrity, and comfort are interpreted in a specific way, both in the European city and in the new medina. The white buildings, with smooth facades, show the taste of architects for a clean aesthetic that allows however to maintain a certain monumentality.
In the s, theoretical and ideological discourse became more radical, especially those concerning an ideal art de vivre or the relationship between housing and solving social and inter-ethnic problems. The villas showcase their Californian or Scandinavian sources when Casablanca becomes embroiled in luxury and American household appliances, while the popular buildings show the efforts pursued in the field of social housing with the conceptual tools of Ciam or Atbat created by Le Corbusier.
This experimental dimension of the city will be found in many operations. To the French or international doctrines to which the architects explicitly or implicitly associate themselves are the particular climatic data and the culture of the inhabitation which will be, at the beginning of the period, particularly well studied by the entourage of Lyautey, as testify it the innumerable books on traditional Moroccan architecture written then.
All types of buildings will be represented, from tall buildings with porticoes and downtown passageways to small apartment buildings in outlying areas reserved for the middle classes. They will stay in their hometown while the new neighborhoods will develop independently. We know that Marshal Lyautey wanted to respect and value local traditions.
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The first architects building in Casablanca immediately after the war, import their doctrinal position, their know-how and the styles of the metropolis well those, already transformed, of their place of formation, Algiers, Tunis, or even Italian architecture schools. Others like the Pertuzio brothers were born in Algeria and were trained in Tunis. The theories, currents, and doctrines to which they refer, are, with a few slight variations, those which are in progress in Paris.
Eclecticism and freedom are claimed and the rationalist position is associated with it. According to the date of arrival of the architects, the effects of the theoretical debates are read on the facades and in the plans of the buildings. They strive, however, to integrate the Moroccan dimensions; they observe local conditions, and imported references are transformed by contact with a different urban civilization.
The know-how of the Moroccan master craftsmen and Italian masons are quickly recognized and exploited. Teams set up, mixing formations and ethnic origins. The sponsors are, as elsewhere, institutional investors, for example, the big insurance companies, and the State represented here by the Protectorate.