Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. Date format, www.pelletpont.hu The name Belarus is closely related with the term Belaya Rus', i.e., White Rus'. the old Rus' lands that were not conquered by the Tatars (i.e., Polotsk, Vitebsk and Mogilev) had been referred to as White Rus'.
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For them the word meant human unity, solidarity of all people living in the Principality of Polotsk. The cathedral was first mentioned in The Life of St. This magnificent building was erected by Byzantine architects and local residents upon the order of Vseslav the Sorcerer in Being a symbol of independence and power of the Principality of Polotsk , the temple resembled a white ship flowing along the Western Dvina River.
The design of the cathedral embrace both Byzantine and local architectural traditions.
Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk became a religious, cultural and educational center. It accommodated a huge library , archives, treasury, magistrate, and halidoms. It was the place where diplomatic receptions were arranged. There was also a royal family vault in the cathedral. Archeologists discovered 16 sarcophagi there. After the Union of Brest was signed in , the cathedral was given to the Greek Catholic Church and reconstructed after the fires of and During the reconstruction, the upper part of corner defense towers of the church was removed upon the order of Archbishop Josaphat Kuntsevych.
The cathedral was heavily damaged by an explosion in In the 18th century famous architect Jan Krzysztof Glaubitz rebuilt St. During the war of the sacred Orthodox halidom — the Cross of Euphrosyne of Polotsk - was kept in the wall of the cathedral, in a specially carved niche. During the Great Patriotic War the cathedral housed a garrison church of the Nazi troops.
The 11th-century St. Sofia Cathedral was a special piece of the ancient Russian architecture. The temples in Kiev, Novgorod and Polotsk have a similar cross-dome system, 5 naves, and galleries.
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But the Polotsk cathedral has its unique features such as:. For the 11th century the St. Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk was a grandiose construction - The Polotsk church acquired its modern look in the 18th century : the majestic one-apse Basilica with two bell towers overlooking the Dvina was built on the bank of the river to the design of Jan Glaubitz.
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Splendid interior was complemented with baroque columns, mouldings and shaped cornices. The altar arch was decorated with the New Testament Trinity image , and the second and first tiers with wooden sculptures and paintings. A big restoration project of the cathedral was conducted in the ss. The roof, facade and window openings were renovated in Today St. Sophia Cathedral is one of the major cultural centers of Belarus.
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It hosts religious services and ceremonies, excursions, concerts and recitals. As a museum of architecture and a concert hall, St. The museum of architecture of St. Sophia Cathedral was opened in The exhibition features rare exhibits telling about the history of the temple, its architecture and last restoration. Among them are fragments of the masonry of the 11th century, the foundation and fresco painting of the end of the 11th century.
The museum offers audio-guides in Belarusian, Russian and English, a guide-book with the plan of the cathedral and a map of Polotsk. In the concert hall of the cathedral which takes pride in its outstanding acoustics welcomed its first visitors. Organ has been played here since Every year leading Belarusian and foreign musicians hold their unique cultural projects at St. Sophia Cathedral :. Organ music concerts are held every Sunday at The ancient temple lies on the bank of the Western Dvina River in Polotsk.
Address: 1 Zamkovaya Street.
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Next to the cathedral is Boris Stone of the 12th century , one of the four Belarusian boulders with engraved images of crosses and old inscriptions. Many historical and architectural sites of the ancient Polotsk have survived to the present day. The majority of them are Orthodox sanctuaries.
For example, a number of religious buildings have to do with Belarusian enlightener Euphrosyne of Polotsk :. Polotsk takes pride in its ancient buildings and monuments with an interesting history. Among them are:. Official Website of the Republic of Belarus.
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Travel FAQs. Things to do. Places of interest. Nesvizh Palace. Mir Castle. Brest Fortress. Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Residence of Father Frost. As Belarusian culture developed, however, long periods of foreign control—first by the grand duchy of Lithuania and the kingdom of Poland , then by tsarist Russia , and later by the Soviet Union—introduced a series of outside influences, from the European Baroque and Classical architectural styles to the cultural constraints of Socialist Realism.
Yet notwithstanding the considerable efforts made by Russian tsars and Soviet rulers to suppress the Belarusian language and culture, Belarusians succeeded in preserving their distinctiveness as a people. Independence Day, the national holiday of Belarus, is celebrated on July 3, the date of the Soviet liberation of Minsk from German occupation in The opposition also celebrates March 25, the date of the declaration of independence by the short-lived Belarusian National Republic in Most Soviet holidays are still commemorated , especially Victory Day May 9 , as are religious holidays, including both the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Easters.
A presidential fund for culture and the arts provides for a number of annual and biannual festivals. Many families spend summers at dachas, or country cottages, growing local produce. The practice of mushroom picking remains very popular.
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Much Belarusian cuisine incorporates locally grown crops. Potatoes are a nearly ubiquitous ingredient, featured in such popular dishes as potato dumplings, potato pancakes, and baked potato pie. Other common dishes, often served with rye bread, include borsch beet soup , pork stew, stuffed chicken, beef sausage, and meat- or cabbage-filled pastries.
Well-known dairy products are a fresh cheese tvorog and a fermented cheese siyr. Kvass is a traditional drink made from fermented bread, and kompot is a berry juice. Vodka is typically the alcoholic drink of choice, although beer has become popular, especially among younger drinkers.
One of the oldest surviving monuments of architecture in the country is the Cathedral of St. Sophia in Polatsk , dating from the 11th century and built in the Eastern Orthodox style. Most of the other early buildings that remain, mostly as ruins, are the princely stone fortresses of the 12th to 16th century.
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One of the best-known of these is the 13th-century White Tower in Kamyanyets. The 17th century marked the appearance of the Baroque style, which was largely linked to the eastward movement of Roman Catholicism; it is exemplified by the design of the Jesuit, Bernardine, and Bridgettine churches in Hrodna.
Because much of Minsk was reconstructed after the war, most of the architecture of the city centre reflects the grandiose Stalinist style with its Classical borrowings. Literary activity in Belarus dates to the 11th century. In the 12th century St. In the 16th century Francisk Skorina of Polatsk translated the Bible into Belarusian and wrote extensive explanatory introductions to each book. His editions, produced in Prague now in the Czech Republic in —19 and in Vilnius Lithuania in —25, were the first printed books not only in Belarus but in the whole of eastern Europe.
Many outstanding poets and prose writers made their mark in the s, including the poets Vladimir Dubovka and Yazep Pushcha, the novelist Kuzma Chorny, and the satirist and playwright Kandrat Krapiva.
Literature in the part of Belarus that was under Polish control—until Soviet forces occupied it in —developed somewhat more freely. Two writers of note emerged from that area: Maksim Tank, author of the long poems Narach and Kalinowski , and Natalla Arseneva, whose greatest poems are to be found in the collections Beneath the Blue Sky , Golden Autumn , and Today The s marked the tentative beginnings of yet another national revival with the novels of Vasil Bykau and Uladzimir Karatkievich.
Among later 20th-century writers, the poets Yawhyeniya Yanishchyts and Ales Razanov and the short-story writer Anatol Sys should be noted. Several prominent Belarusian writers left the country in the late 20th and early 21st centuries because of the political climate. Belarus has long had its own folk music.